Three general classes of failures:

  • Bit errors
    • 1s turned into 0s or vice versa as packets transmitted over physical link
    • Sometimes single bit, but sometimes burst error (several consecutive bits)
    • Caused by lightning strikes, power surges, etc.
    • Thankfully, pretty rare
    • Can be detected and corrected
  • Packets lost
    • Congested switches - No place left in queue
  • Physical link cut or computer crashes