The different generations of Cellular Networks

2G

2G Network Architecture

3G

Voice + Data

Key insight: new cellular data network operates in parallel except at edge with existing cellular voice network

  • Voice network unchanged in core
  • Data network operates in parallel

3G network architecture

4G

4G network architecture

Differences from 3G

  • All IP core: IP packets tunneled (through core IP network) from BS to gateway
  • No separation between voice and data - all traffic carried over IP core to gateway

This is how 3G works:

3G compared to 4G

5G

5G frequencies

5G network architecture